iugulum Latin · revision 31608

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la iugum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈjʊ.ɡʊ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈjuː.ɡu.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iugulum''' ''n'' (genitive iugulī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ A masculine ''iugulus'', ''-ī'' is frequent in Lucan and occurs in Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger and Juvenal.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The Appendix Probi has “iugulus non iuglus”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD forms it from [[iugum|t=yoke]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ulum]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan, who treats it under [[iungō|t=to join]], takes it as probably a “small yoke”, a connecting part, hence the throat;^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis and Short likewise explain it as the collarbone that joins the shoulders and the breast.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL takes it as a noun from the verb, ⟨*iug-elo-⟩ “what connects”.^(TLL) ⟨iugum⟩ goes back to [[ine-pro|*(H)iugo-|t=yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus;^(Köbler 2010) the OLD's earliest citation is from Accius, of people covering the breast from the throat down with vine leaves.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Anatomically it is the collarbone in Celsus and Pliny the Elder, but more often the hollow of the neck above it, the throat.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) As the place where a weapon kills, ''iugulum dare'' is to offer one's throat to the sword, and Virgil has blood let from the throats of victims.^(OLD 2012) Lucan and Martial use it for the cutting of a throat, slaughter: “this throat will bring peace and the end of evils”.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary also gives a figurative sense, the crucial point of an argument.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin has it for the throat,^(Stelten 1995) and Medieval Latin for murder, the cutting of a throat.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of the throat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of the collarbone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan of slaughter, with the masculine ''iugulus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|collarbone]], [[m|en|clavicle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The front of the neck above the collarbone, the [[m|en|throat]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''iugulum dare'', to offer one's throat to the sword.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # The cutting of a throat, [[m|en|slaughter]], sacrifice.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(figurative)'' The crucial point of an argument.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iugulō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iugulātiō]]

+ * [[iugulātor]]

+ * [[iugum]]

+ * [[iungō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}