strages Latin · revision 31601

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *sterh₃-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''strāgēs''' ''f'' (genitive strāgis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed on the root of [[sternō|t=to spread, strew; to lay low]], extended with ⟨-g-⟩, with the ending of [[caedēs|t=slaughter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives ⟨sternō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*sterna-]] and [[ine-pro|*st(e)r-n-h₃-|t=to spread, strew]], cognate with [[sa|स्तृणाति|tr=stṛṇā́ti|t=spreads out, strews]], [[grc|στόρνυμι|tr=stórnumi|t=to spread]] and [[sga|sernaid|t=spreads]]; the stem ⟨strāg-⟩ seems recent, its ⟨-g-⟩ probably taken from nouns such as [[compāgēs]] and [[ambāgēs]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius,^(de Vaan 2008) whose flooding river makes havoc with a great roar and rolls huge rocks under its waves.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the overthrow of things, devastation of lands and ruin of buildings, and of living beings slaughter, especially in battle: in Virgil bears have never spread such death and havoc in the woods.^(OLD 2012) It also names the confused heap that violence leaves behind: Livy's camp littered with things abandoned in the night's panic, and the heaps of the slain in Virgil.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short note that it is rare before the Augustan age, frequent in Livy, and absent from Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin has it for slaughter, massacre.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a river's havoc.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, in his poem on his consulship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of slaughter and heaps of the dead.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–AD 17 – Livy of the wreckage left by a panic.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Devastation, [[m|en|havoc]], overthrow, ruin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|slaughter]], [[m|en|carnage]], massacre, especially in battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A confused heap, [[m|en|wreckage]]; a heap of dead bodies.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sternō]]

+ * [[storea]]

+ * [[strāgulus]]

+ * [[strāmen]]

+ * [[strātus]]

+ * [[struō]]

+ * [[torus]]

+ * [[ruīna]]

+ * [[caedēs]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''ruīna'', the collapse of things built one upon another when their base gives way, from ''strāgēs'', the throwing down of upright bodies by a blow from outside.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}