priusquam Latin · revision 31599

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la prius, la quam}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [priˈʊs.kʷãː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [priˈus.kʷam]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''priusquam''' ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prius|quam|t1=earlier|t2=than]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan lists it under [[prior|t=former]], whose stem [[itc-pro|*prī̆-jos-]] is built on an adverb [[ine-pro|*pr(e)i|t=before]], as in [[grc|πρίν|tr=prín|t=before]] and [[lt|priẽ|t=at, by]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who has the impatient “you answer before I ask”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With the indicative it states a simple sequence in time; with the subjunctive it adds a notion of purpose or anticipation, as in Plautus' “she cannot be taken into the house before I have got rid of the other”.^(OLD 2012) It also takes an ablative absolute or a participle, as Livy's soldiers who refuse to return before the city is taken.^(OLD 2012) From the temporal sense it passes to comparison, “sooner than, rather than”: Propertius says rivers will flow back from the sea before his love changes.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin has it for “before”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus with the indicative and the subjunctive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence in reported speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius in the sense “sooner than”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–AD 17 – Livy with an ablative absolute.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # [[m|en|before]]; until.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Sooner than, [[m|en|rather]] than.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prius]]

+ * [[quam]]

+ * [[antequam]]

+ * [[postquam]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It is also written separately, and other words can come between the parts: ''prius respondēs quam rogō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}