aemulatio Latin · revision 31594

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la aemulus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ae̯.mʊˈɫaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [e.muˈlat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aemulātiō''' ''f'' (genitive aemulātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|aemulor|-tiō|t1=to rival, emulate]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan takes ⟨aemulor⟩ from [[aemulus|t=rival]], a diminutive ⟨*aimelo-⟩ of a noun [[itc-pro|*aimo-]], [[ine-pro|*h₂ei-mo-|t=imitation]], cognate with [[hit|himma-|t=imitation, substitute]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who defines it as the imitation of virtue.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the effort to equal or surpass others, emulation and ambition, and also jealous rivalry: Cicero hopes to be free of desires and rivalries.^(OLD 2012) Livy uses it of imitating a person, a model even a good successor would find hard to equal.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short note that it denotes the mental effort, while ''imitātiō'' is the manner of acting.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Glossaries render it with [[grc|ζῆλος|tr=zêlos|t=zeal, rivalry]].^(TLL) Church Latin has it for envy, emulation, striving after,^(Stelten 1995) and Medieval Latin for ardent zeal, indignation and hostility.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|emulation]] (1550s) came from French ''émulation'' and directly from the Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of emulation and of jealous rivalry.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–AD 17 – Livy of imitating a model.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1550s – English [[m|en|emulation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The desire to equal or surpass others, [[m|en|emulation]], [[m|en|ambition]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Jealous [[m|en|rivalry]], envy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Imitation of a person or thing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Ardent [[m|en|zeal]]; indignation; hostility.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aemulanter]]

+ * [[aemulātor]]

+ * [[aemulātrīx]]

+ * [[aemulātus]]

+ * [[aemulor]]

+ * [[aemulus]]

+ * [[imitātiō]]

+ * [[en|emulation]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''imitārī'', merely trying to produce something like another thing, from ''aemulārī'', doing something that will win equal or greater regard.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}