ecquis Latin · revision 31582

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la quis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛk.kʷɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛk.kʷis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ecquis''' or ecquī (feminine ecqua or ecquae, neuter ecquid); interrogative pronoun^(Wiktionary)

+ Manuscripts and printed texts sometimes wrongly write ''etquis''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ec-|quis|t2=who?]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the particle ⟨ec-⟩, as in [[ecce|t=look!]], from [[ine-pro|*h₁e-|t=he]] extended with ⟨*k⟩, as in [[osc|ekúk|t=this]].^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL reports the older view that it grew from ⟨et⟩ and ⟨quis⟩, but shows that the oldest manuscripts and the grammarians support the form ⟨ecquis⟩.^(TLL) Köbler also gives the pronominal stem [[ine-pro|*e-]] (Pokorny 281).^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest examples are from Plautus, in direct questions at a door: “hey, is anyone here? will anyone open this door?”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It asks impatiently or with feeling whether there is anyone or anything: “is there any other Sosia inside who looks like me?”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In indirect questions it is “whether anyone”, as Plautus' “I'll ask whether anyone knows this young man”, and later in Cicero and Livy.^(OLD 2012) It is used both as a pronoun and as an adjective, beside ''ecquī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus in direct and indirect questions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # ''(in direct questions)'' Is there anyone who…?;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(neuter)'' is there anything that…?^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(in indirect questions)'' Whether anyone or anything.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Determiner===

+ # Any? (is there) any…?^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quis]]

+ * [[ecce]]

+ * [[numquis]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The neuter ''ecquid'' is also used as an interrogative particle, “at all?”, “is it true that…?”, as in Plautus' “do you love me at all?”, often in impatient questions expecting “yes”, and in indirect questions as “whether”: “you ask me whether I like the house?”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}