glans Latin · revision 31576

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *gʷlh₂-n-d(h)-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡɫãːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɡlans]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''glāns''' ''f'' (genitive glandis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Varro and Celsus have a nominative singular ''glās''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*gʷland(i)-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*gʷlh₂-n-d(h)-(i)-|t=acorn]].^(de Vaan 2008) It is cognate with [[grc|βάλανος|tr=bálanos|t=acorn]] and with Armenian and Slavic words for the acorn;^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) de Vaan notes that only Slavic shares the dental of the suffix.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from the Twelve Tables;^(Köbler 2010) in Plautus someone is to bring out acorns for the oxen's lunch.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the fruit of oaks and other mast-bearing trees, acorns and beechmast, and in Gaius' definition any tree fruit, after the Greek word for fruit trees in general.^(OLD 2012) From the shape it named the lead or clay bullet thrown from a sling: Lucretius says a lead sling-bullet melts as it whirls.^(OLD 2012) Celsus uses it of the glans of the penis.^(OLD 2012) In New Latin it was also a gun bullet.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin has it for acorn,^(Stelten 1995) and Medieval Latin also for an oak coppice.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|gland]] (1690s) is from its diminutive ''glandula'' through French, and the anatomical [[m|en|glans]] (1640s) is the word itself.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of acorns for oxen.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a sling-bullet.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of the glans penis.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1640s – English [[m|en|glans]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|acorn]]; beechmast, chestnut or other acorn-shaped fruit; any tree fruit.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A [[m|en|sling]] bullet of lead or clay.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(anatomy)'' The glans penis.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(New Latin)'' A [[m|en|bullet]].^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An oak coppice.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[glandārius]]

+ * [[glandium]]

+ * [[glandula]]

+ * [[iūglāns]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|gland]]

+ * [[en|glans]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}