prora Latin · revision 31572

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=grc πρῷρα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈproː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈprɔː.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōra''' ''f'' (genitive prōrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Accius has a form ''prōris'' (accusative ''prōrim''), made after ''puppis''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|πρῷρα|tr=prôira|t=prow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Etymonline relates the Greek word to [[m|grc|πρό|tr=pró|t=before, forward]],^(Etymonline) and Wiktionary and Köbler trace it to [[ine-pro|*per-|t=forward, through]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short cite Plautus, of someone who stood at the prow;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates it from Lucilius.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the prow, the forepart of a ship, opposed to [[puppis]], the stern: Caesar describes the very high prows of the Gaulish ships, and Virgil turns prows to land.^(Lewis & Short 1879) By metonymy it is the ship itself, in Propertius, Ovid and Virgil's bronze-clad prows on the shore.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero quotes the Greek proverb “prow and stern”, meaning his whole intention from beginning to end.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ English [[m|en|prow]] (1550s) came from it through French ''proue'' and Genoese ''prua'', from a Vulgar Latin ''*proda''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of the prows of Gaulish ships.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of prows standing for ships.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1550s – English [[m|en|prow]], through French and Italian.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|prow]] of a ship.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(by metonymy)'' A [[m|en|ship]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[biprōrus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[puppis]]

+ * [[en|prow]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Cicero's ''prōra et puppis'' renders the Greek proverb for one's whole design from start to finish.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}