naufragus Latin · revision 31556

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la nāvis, la frangō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈnau̯.fra.ɡʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈnaːu̯.fra.ɡus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''naufragus''' (feminine naufraga, neuter naufragum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The form ''nāvifragus'' occurs only in the active sense “shipwrecking”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound of [[nāvis|t=ship]] and [[frangō|t=to break]], for ⟨nāvifragus⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives ⟨nāvis⟩ from [[ine-pro|*neh₂-u-|t=ship]], probably “the floating one”, cognate with [[sa|नौ|tr=náu-|t=ship]], [[grc|ναῦς|tr=naûs|t=ship]] and [[sga|náu|t=ship]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro;^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler and the OLD start with Cicero, who says Africa saw Marius driven out and shipwrecked.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is shipwrecked, of people, bodies and ships, and of what belongs to a shipwreck, as Ovid's images of a wreck.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Actively it is causing shipwreck: Horace's “shipwrecking sea”.^(OLD 2012) As a noun it is a shipwrecked person,^(OLD 2012) and figuratively it means ruined.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin has it for shipwrecked;^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for wasteful, a spendthrift.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the shipwrecked Marius.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of a shipwrecking sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|shipwrecked]], wrecked; of or concerning shipwreck.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Causing shipwreck.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Ruined.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Wasteful.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A shipwrecked person, a [[m|en|castaway]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[naufragium]]

+ * [[naufragō]]

+ * [[nāvis]]

+ * [[frangō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}