ἔκστασις Ancient Greek · revision 3155

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=5th century BC, Hippocratic writings|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /éks.ta.sis/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈeks.ta.sis/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈeks.ta.sis/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ἔκστᾰσῐς''' (ékstasis) ''f'' (genitive ἐκστᾰ́σεως); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[ἐξίστημι|tr=exístēmi|t=to displace, (intransitive) to be out of one's mind]], formed from [[ἐκ|tr=ek|t=out]] and [[ἵστημι|tr=hístēmi|t=to stand, set]].^(Wiktionary)^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000) Ἵστημι is from [[ine-pro|*steh₂-|t=to stand]].^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Hippocratic writings use it for the displacement of joints and for distraction of mind.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Aristotle uses it for displacement and change in general, as every movement displaces what is moved, and for madness.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE) Theophrastus for degeneracy of nature.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE) It also meant standing aside out of respect, and in the papyri the cession of property.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Menander observes that “the unexpected brings ''ekstasis''”, the loss of one's wits, and Longinus speaks of leading hearers to it.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ In the Septuagint it is terror, dismay, astonishment, and a deep torpor; in the New Testament amazement, as when people are “beside themselves with amazement”, and a trance in which visions come.^(Lust 2003)^(BDAG 2000)^(CGL 2021) Philo and Plotinus use it for a trance.^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940) Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|ecstasis]].^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek [[m|el|έκσταση|tr=ékstasi]] continues it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th century BC – The Hippocratic writings use it for displacement and distraction.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 4th century BC – Aristotle uses it for change and madness.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 4th–3rd century BC – Menander uses it for being beside oneself.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 3rd–1st century BC – The Septuagint uses it for terror and astonishment.^(Lust 2003)

+ * 1st century AD – The New Testament uses it for amazement and trance.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 3rd century AD – Plotinus uses it for the soul's ecstasy.^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Displacement, as of a joint; change.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ # A standing aside, or ''(papyri)'' a cession of property.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # Distraction of mind; [[m|en|madness]].^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # [[m|en|astonishment]], amazement; terror.^(BDAG 2000)^(Lust 2003)

+ # A [[m|en|trance]], [[m|en|ecstasy]].^(BDAG 2000)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἐξίστημι|tr=exístēmi]]

+ * [[ἵστημι|tr=hístēmi]]

+ * [[en|ecstasy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}