perturbatio Latin · revision 31546

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la turba}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perturbātiō''' ''f'' (genitive perturbātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|perturbō|-tiō|t1=to throw into confusion]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists ⟨perturbō⟩ under [[turba|t=commotion, crowd]], whose origin he finds unclear: the link with [[sa|त्वरते|tr=tvarate|t=hurries]] is very uncertain formally, and one with [[grc|στρέφω|tr=stréphō|t=to turn]] would need ⟨*torba⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL dates it from the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'',^(TLL) which uses it of disturbing the order of the places used in memorising.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero uses it more than 150 times, mostly in his philosophical works; it does not occur in verse.^(TLL) It is physical upheaval, as Cicero's disturbances of sky, sea and land, and an upset of bodily health.^(OLD 2012) Transferred to the state it is disorder, as the confusion of the courts, and political upheaval or revolution.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of the mind it is distress, and in philosophy any strong emotion, a passion, translating [[grc|πάθος|tr=páthos]]: Cicero lists fears, lusts and angers among the ''perturbātiōnēs animī''.^(OLD 2012)

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+ Church Latin has it for disturbance, confusion, trouble.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|perturbation]] (late 14th century), first “mental disturbance”, came through Old French and directly from the Latin.^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' of a confused order.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of physical, political and mental disturbance and of the passions.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate of confusion in an enemy's camp.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|perturbation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Physical disturbance, upheaval; a disorder of health; disarrangement.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|confusion]], disorder; political disturbance, [[m|en|revolution]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Agitation of mind, distress, [[m|en|perturbation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' A strong emotion, a [[m|en|passion]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[imperturbatio]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[perturbo]]

+ * [[turba]]

+ * [[en|perturbation]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}