subsido Latin · revision 31543

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la sīdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊpˈsiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [subˈsiː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subsīdō''' (present infinitive subsīdere, perfect active subsēdī, supine subsessum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Vitruvius has the perfect ''subsīdī''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sub-|sīdō|t2=to sit down, settle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨sīdō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*sizd-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*si-sd-e/o-|t=to sit down]], cognate with [[xum|sistu|t=let him sit down]], [[sa|सीदति|tr=sī́dati|t=sits down]] and [[grc|ἵζω|tr=hízō|t=to sit down]]; the compounds are attested earlier than the simple verb.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in a fragment quoted by Varro: “squat down, all of you, the way the triarii do”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first to squat, crouch or kneel, and also to cower;^(OLD 2012) Lucretius uses it of female animals in mating.^(OLD 2012) Cicero has it of lying in wait, as Milo would have had to do if he were the plotter, and Virgil makes it transitive: the adulterer lay in wait for the conqueror of Asia.^(OLD 2012) Varro uses it of settling in a place after wandering, of those who came to Rome and settled on the Saturnian hill.^(OLD 2012) Of things it is to sink to the bottom and to subside: waves subside in Virgil, winds abate in Propertius, and in Seneca desire dies down.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder uses it of wealth coming to rest in certain hands.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “sit, sink, settle down, crouch”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|subside]] (1680s) is from it, first of objects sinking to the bottom.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of soldiers squatting down.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of settling in a place.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of lying in wait.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of waves subsiding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of a passion abating.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1680s – English [[m|en|subside]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|squat]] or [[m|en|crouch]] down;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''in genua subsīdere'', to kneel; to cower.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lie in wait, lie in [[m|en|ambush]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(transitive)'' to lie in wait for.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To settle down in a place, stay put; of wealth, to come to rest with someone.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To sink to the bottom, [[m|en|settle]]; to sink below a surface.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To sink to a lower level, [[m|en|subside]], give way; to slope downwards.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of winds, fire and feelings, to abate, die down.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[subsessa]]

+ * [[subsessor]]

+ * [[subsīdentia]]

+ * [[subsidium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sīdō]]

+ * [[en|subside]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}