periurium Latin · revision 31540

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂oi-u}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''periūrium''' ''n'' (genitive periūriī or periūrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The OLD lists it under ''pēiūrium'', also spelled ''pēiiūrium'' and ''periūrium''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD forms it from [[pēierō|t=to swear falsely]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ium]];^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short and Köbler from [[periūrus|t=perjured]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Both belong to [[iūrō|t=to swear]], from [[iūs|t=law, oath]].^(de Vaan 2008) According to Leumann, cited by de Vaan, the variation between ⟨-ierāre⟩ and ⟨-iūrāre⟩ comes from a blend of ⟨periūrāre⟩ with ⟨pēierāre⟩ “to make worse”, from [[pēius|t=worse]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan derives the noun ⟨iūs⟩ from [[itc-pro|*jowos|t=oath, law]], from an s-stem of [[ine-pro|*h₂oi-u|t=vital force, eternity]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who speaks of cheats who have made their fortune by usury or by false oaths.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a breach of oath or a false oath, perjury: Plautus has a man “full of perjury” and people who try to win a lawsuit by perjury.^(OLD 2012) Cicero defines it: not to do what you swore on your conscience to do is perjury.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler gives Cicero as its first author.^(Köbler 2010) Lewis and Short also give the wider sense of perfidy or treachery.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “false oath, perjury”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''perjury'' came from it in the late 14th century, through Anglo-French, as a legal term for swearing to what one knows to be false.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of fortunes made by false oaths.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero defines it as failing to do what one has sworn.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|perjury]], through Anglo-French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A false [[m|en|oath]], breach of oath, [[m|en|perjury]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|perfidy|alt=Perfidy]], treachery.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pēierō]]

+ * [[periūrus]]

+ * [[iūrō]]

+ * [[iūs#2]]

+ * [[en|perjury]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}