convello Latin · revision 31539

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *uelh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔnˈwɛl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [koɱˈvɛl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''convellō''' (present infinitive convellere, perfect active convellī, supine convulsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The supine is ''convulsum'' or ''convolsum'';^(OLD 2012) Seneca has a perfect ''convulsī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|con-|t=together, thoroughly]] and [[vellō|t=to pluck, tear]].^(OLD 2012) De Vaan derives the verb from [[itc-pro|*weln-e/o-]], probably a nasal present of [[ine-pro|*uelh₃-|t=to strike]], cognate with [[hit|walh-|t=to hit, strike]] and [[grc|ἁλίσκομαι|tr=halískomai|t=to be caught]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008) who warns that when a branch is cut the bark must not be torn off.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to pull violently, as Ovid's food torn with a greedy tooth, and above all to tear up, pluck away or uproot something fixed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In military language ''signa convellere'' is to pull the standards out of the ground as the signal to march, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Of the body it is to wrench or dislocate, and by hyperbole to heave up or set moving, as Manilius' charioteer heaving his wheels up the slope.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to undermine or overthrow a system or law, as Cicero's Tiberius Gracchus who shook the condition of the state.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is also to shake violently or batter, as Virgil's sea torn open by the oars.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “pluck, tear up”.^(Stelten 1995) Its noun [[convulsiō]] is the source of the English medical term.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of tearing off bark.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of pulling up the standards and of overturning the state.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the sea torn by oars.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of food torn with the teeth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To tug at, pull violently.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pull from its place, tear up, [[m|en|uproot]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995) ''signa convellere'', to pull up the standards and march.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To wrench or [[m|en|dislocate]] a limb.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To undermine, [[m|en|subvert]], overthrow.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To shake violently, [[m|en|convulse]], shatter.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[convulsiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vellō]]

+ * [[āvellō]]

+ * [[revellō]]

+ * [[ēvellō]]

+ * [[vellus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}