refertus Latin · revision 31535

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la farciō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''refertus''' (feminine referta, neuter refertum, comparative refertior, superlative refertissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the participle of [[referciō|t=to stuff, cram]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) The verb is formed from [[m|la|re-]] and [[farciō|t=to stuff]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*fark-je-|t=to stuff]]; its only possible cognate, [[grc|φράσσω|tr=phrássō|t=to fence in]], fits poorly in meaning, and he leaves open that the word is not Indo-European.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who has a house crowded with very learned men.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of places and containers it is crammed or full to bursting, usually with some exaggeration; of places it is also crowded with people, with an ablative or a genitive, as Cicero's Italy full of Pythagoreans and Gaul full of traders.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of speeches and books it is crammed with words, ideas or quotations, as in Cicero, Quintilian and Tacitus.^(OLD 2012) Of persons it is loaded with gifts or qualities or charged with feelings, as Cicero's Xerxes, loaded with every reward and gift of fortune.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “crowded”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a crowded house and of speeches crammed with words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of roads packed with country people.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of poems full of insults.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of places or containers, [[m|en|crammed]], full to bursting.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|crowded|alt=Crowded]], packed with people.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of speeches and writings, crammed with.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of persons, loaded with gifts or qualities; charged with feelings.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[referciō]]

+ * [[farciō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}