silvestris Latin · revision 31533

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=la silva}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sɪɫˈwɛs.trɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [silˈvɛs.tris]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''silvestris''' (neuter silvestre); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ A masculine nominative ''silvester'' occurs in Seneca and Pliny the Elder,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and the word is also written ''sylv-''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Accius has a syncopated genitive plural ''silvestrum''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[silva|t=wood, forest]] with the suffix [[m|la|-estris]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan finds no etymology for ⟨silva⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Accius.^(Köbler 2010) An early tragic fragment has a place thick with woodland hedges, and Lucretius the pipe that pours out its woodland music.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is covered with woods or wooded, as Cicero's wooded hills, and in the neuter plural it is a noun, woodlands.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is said of things found or produced in woods, as Catullus' Chiron bringing woodland gifts, of vegetation and of rustic arts, and of what is situated or done in woodland, as Cicero's people hidden in woodland dwellings before there were laws.^(OLD 2012) Of people it implies wild or savage, as Horace's woodland men whom Orpheus turned from slaughter, and of gods it is the woodland deities Pan and Faunus.^(OLD 2012) Of animals and plants it is wild, not tame or cultivated, as Columella's wild rams.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ A dative ''Silvānō Silvestrō'' occurs in an inscription.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – First recorded in Accius.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of woodland music.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of wooded hills and of wild and cultivated trees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of wild woodland men.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of wild rams.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Covered with woods, [[m|en|wooded]]; in the neuter plural, woodlands.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Found or growing in woods; rustic.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Situated or carried on in woodland.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of people, living in woods, wild, [[m|en|savage]]; of gods, of the woods.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of animals or plants, [[m|en|wild]], untamed, not cultivated.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[silva]]

+ * [[Silvānus]]

+ * [[silvōsus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}