plaudo Latin · revision 31531

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *plh₂-u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpɫau̯.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈplaːu̯.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''plaudō''' (present infinitive plaudere, perfect active plausī, supine plausum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''plōdō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*plau-d-e/o-|t=to clap the hands]] and derives it from [[ine-pro|*plh₂-u-|t=palm of the hand, sole of the foot]];^(de Vaan 2008) Oettinger and Meiser take the verb to be formed in Latin from a noun for the palm.^(de Vaan 2008) He leaves open whether ⟨au⟩ or ⟨ō⟩ is the older vowel, but the related [[plautus|t=flat-footed]] favours ⟨au⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD calls the origin doubtful.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it in the closing request for applause at the end of a play.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a transitive verb it is to strike with a flat surface, clap or beat, and to pat, as Virgil's horse that should learn to love the sound of a patted neck;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''plausīs ālīs'' is with beating wings.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Intransitively it is to make a clapping sound, as in Seneca, and above all to clap the hands in applause, as Cicero's complaint that the Roman people use their hands for clapping instead of defending the state.^(OLD 2012) From this it is to approve or applaud, with a dative.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary also gives the sense of striking hands to close a bargain.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “clap, strike, applaud”.^(Stelten 1995) Its compounds include [[applaudō]] and [[explōdō]], to drive off the stage by clapping.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus asks the audience to applaud.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of applause in the theatre.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of patting a horse's neck.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of the sound of clapping.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To strike, beat, [[m|en|clap]]; to pat; of wings, to beat, flap.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To make a clapping sound.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To clap the hands, [[m|en|applaud]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To express approval, approve.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To strike hands to close a [[m|en|bargain]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[applaudō]]

+ * [[circumplaudō]]

+ * [[complōdō]]

+ * [[displōdō]]

+ * [[explōdō]]

+ * [[plausibilis]]

+ * [[plausito]]

+ * [[plausor]]

+ * [[plausus]]

+ * [[replaudō]]

+ * [[superplaudo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plautus]]

+ * [[en|applaud]]

+ * [[en|explode]]

+ * [[en|plausible]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}