togatus Latin · revision 31519

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *(s)teg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [tɔˈɡaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [toˈɡaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''togātus''' (feminine togāta, neuter togātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[toga]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ātus|t=provided with]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives ⟨toga⟩ from [[itc-pro|*togā-|t=cover, cloak]], from the root of [[tegō|t=to cover]], which goes back to [[ine-pro|*(s)teg-e/o-|t=to cover]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008) who quotes a word from a ''togāta'' of Afranius;^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first author is Virgil.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense is wearing a toga, the formal outdoor dress of Roman citizens, as Cicero's men in togas for whom there could be no hiding-place in the public baths, and Virgil's Romans, “masters of the world, the people of the toga”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The toga being the dress of peace, it is also civilian, as Cicero's boast that he, a consul in a toga, had defeated armed men.^(OLD 2012) It marks Roman status, as opposed to Sicilians or provincials, and ''Gallia togāta'' is the part of northern Italy between the Po and the Alps.^(OLD 2012) As a feminine noun, ''togāta'' (''fābula'') is a Latin comedy on a native theme, played in Roman dress.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ As a masculine noun it is a Roman citizen, and in Imperial Rome a client or a man of humble station, as in Juvenal.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a comedy in Roman dress.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a civilian consul and of ''Gallia togāta''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the Romans as the people of the toga.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal of clients.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Wearing a [[toga]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Civilian; belonging to peacetime.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Having Roman status;^(OLD 2012) ''Gallia togāta'', [[m|en|Cisalpine Gaul]] south of the Alps.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A Roman citizen.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Imperial Rome)'' A [[m|en|client]], man of humble station.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+ # Feminine ''togāta'': a Latin [[m|en|comedy]] on a Roman theme.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[contogatus]]

+ * [[togātārius]]

+ * [[togātulus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[toga]]

+ * [[togāta]]

+ * [[togula]]

+ * [[tegō]]

+ * [[palliātus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}