innoxius Latin · revision 31515

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *noḱ-eie-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪnˈnɔk.si.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [inˈnɔk.si.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''innoxius''' (feminine innoxia, neuter innoxium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The comparative ''innoxiior'' occurs only in a speech of Cato.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from the negative prefix [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and [[noxius|t=harmful, guilty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives ⟨noxius⟩ from [[noxa|t=harm, offence]], perhaps as a back-formation from [[obnoxius]], and both from [[noceō|t=to harm]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*nokeje-|t=to cause death]] and [[ine-pro|*noḱ-eie-|t=to make disappear, cause death]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) where a man complains of being mocked though he is poor and innocent.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is blameless or innocent, of people, also with an ablative or genitive of an offence, as Tacitus' innocent age of children, and of actions not accompanied by crime or malice.^(OLD 2012) Actively it is harmless or innocuous, as Virgil's words that were not harmless, Pliny's animals harmless to the natives, and Virgil's harmless snake.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Passively it is unharmed or safe, and unpunished, as Sallust's men who lived unharmed and flourishing without fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In medieval Latin it is “not bound”.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a poor and innocent man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of people living unharmed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a harmless snake.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of innocent children.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Blameless, [[m|en|innocent]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of actions, inoffensive, without malice.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Not injurious, harmless, [[m|en|innocuous]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Unharmed, safe; unpunished.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Not bound.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[noxius]]

+ * [[noceō]]

+ * [[innocuus]]

+ * [[innocēns]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}