perfuga Latin · revision 31512
19 Oct 2026, 05:45 by bogdan “Latin la10k: 10 new entries (la75r b06)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *bʰug-}}
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''perfuga''' ''m'' (genitive perfugae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is formed from [[perfugiō|t=to flee for refuge, desert]] with the ending [[m|la|-a]] of agent nouns.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The verb is a compound of [[m|la|per-]] and [[fugiō|t=to flee]], which de Vaan derives from [[itc-pro|*fug-i-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰug-i-|t=to flee]], cognate with [[grc|φεύγω|tr=pheúgō|t=to flee]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest example is an agrarian law on land assigned to deserters.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It is someone who goes over to the enemy, a deserter.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The jurist Aelius Gallus defines the ''perfuga'' as anyone, free, slave or enemy, who has gone over to the enemy of his own will, also called ''trānsfuga''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Tacitus it is also a refugee or fugitive, as the island of Mona, a refuge for fugitives.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ Döderlein distinguishes the ''perfuga'', who goes over as a traitor to his side, from the ''trānsfuga'', who wavers and changes sides; both are usually thought of as soldiers, while the ''profugus'' is an exile and the ''fugitīvus'' a runaway from duty or master.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “deserter, fugitive”.^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – First recorded in Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of Mona as a refuge for fugitives.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|deserter]] who goes over to the enemy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)
+ # A [[m|en|refugee]], fugitive.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[perfugiō]]
+ * [[fugiō]]
+ * [[trānsfuga]]
+ * [[profugus]]
+ * [[fugitīvus]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}