redundo Latin · revision 31510

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *ud-ōr}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈdʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈdun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''redundō''' (present infinitive redundāre, perfect active redundāvī, supine redundātum); first conjugation, third person-only in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|re-|t=back, again]] and [[m|la|undō|t=to surge, rise in waves]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) from [[unda|t=wave]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨unda⟩ from [[itc-pro|*udōr]] and [[ine-pro|*ud-ōr|t=water]], cognate with [[xum|utur|t=water]], [[grc|ὕδωρ|tr=húdōr|t=water]] and [[got|𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉|tr=wato|t=water]]; the sense “wave” comes from a collective “body of water”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest quotation is Lucretius, of images that flow back to us from a mirror.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to flow back, and of water or other liquids to run over or overflow, as Cicero's phlegm that overflows; of solids it is to come to the top or be vomited up.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to spill over into something, as Cicero's fear that matters might spill over into the following year, and to be filled to excess, as Columella's land soaked with moisture.^(OLD 2012) A frequent sense is to redound or turn to someone's profit, loss or danger, and in the jurists of a liability to fall back on someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to be present to excess, to abound in something, and of style to be over-exuberant.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Lewis and Short call it a favourite word of Cicero, especially in figurative senses, and absent from Caesar and Virgil.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein contrasts ''abundāre'', plenty in a good sense, with ''redundāre'', over-abundance in a bad sense.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “overflow”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''redound'' came from it through Old French in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of images flowing back.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of overflowing, of credit redounding to someone and of exuberant speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of waterlogged land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|redound]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To flow back.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To run over, [[m|en|overflow]]; to come up, be vomited.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To spread over into; to be filled to excess.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|redound]], turn to someone's profit or loss; of a liability, to fall back on.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be present to excess; to abound in.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of style, to be over-exuberant.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pour out.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[redundantia]]

+ * [[redundātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[unda]]

+ * [[abundō]]

+ * [[inundō]]

+ * [[en|redound]]

+ * [[en|redundant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}