vibro Latin · revision 31485

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *weip-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈwɪ.broː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈviː.bro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vibrō''' (present infinitive vibrāre, perfect active vibrāvī, supine vibrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan derives it from an adjective [[itc-pro|*wib-ro-|t=trembling, swinging]], from [[ine-pro|*uip/b-ro-]], related to [[sa|विप्र|tr=vípra|t=trembling; seer]] and [[sa|वेपते|tr=vépate|t=trembles]]; the root may have ended in ⟨*-p-⟩ or ⟨*-b-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD compares [[goh|wipf|t=swing]] and [[ang|wimpel|t=veil]].^(OLD 2012) Etymonline also traces it to [[ine-pro|*weip-|t=to tremble]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD's earliest quotation is Cicero, of men who brandish spears before the battle and do not use them in the fighting.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Transitively it is to move rapidly to and fro, wave or brandish, also of limbs trembling, as Ovid's pale limbs, and to crimp or curl, as Virgil's hair curled with a hot iron.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Intransitively it is to rock or quiver, as Pliny's earth that trembles and shakes, and of song to trill.^(OLD 2012) It is also to hurl or shoot out a weapon, as Cicero's young men who have learned to brandish daggers, of a snake to dart out its tongue, and of missiles to dart or flash;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Cicero calls a style of speech rapid and darting.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Of light it is to flicker or glitter, as Cicero's sea that turns white and glitters where the sun shines on it.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''lībrāre hastam'', to poise a spear horizontally for a sure throw, from ''vibrāre'', to brandish it to and fro.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “brandish, shake”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''vibrate'' is from its participle in the 1660s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – First recorded in Lucretius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of brandished spears and of the glittering sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of hair crimped with hot irons and of a flashing sword.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the trembling earth and of birdsong.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1660s – English [[m|en|vibrate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To move rapidly to and fro, wave, [[m|en|brandish]], shake.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To crimp or curl hair.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To quiver, [[m|en|vibrate]], rock; of birdsong, to trill.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hurl, launch; of a snake, to dart out its tongue.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of weapons, to flash, dart; of speech, to fly swiftly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of light, to flicker, glitter, [[m|en|gleam]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[convibrō]]

+ * [[ēvibrō]]

+ * [[intervibrāns]]

+ * [[revibrō]]

+ * [[vibrābilis]]

+ * [[vibrābundus]]

+ * [[vibrāmen]]

+ * [[vibrātiō]]

+ * [[vibrātus]]

+ * [[vibrissō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exvibrissō]]

+ * [[revibrātiō]]

+ * [[revibrātus]]

+ * [[vibrātiuncula]]

+ * [[lībrō]]

+ * [[en|vibrate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}