lucidus Latin · revision 31464

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *leuk-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɫuː.kɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈluː.t͡ʃi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lūcidus''' (feminine lūcida, neuter lūcidum, comparative lūcidior, superlative lūcidissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|lūceō|t=to shine]] with the suffix [[m|la|-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb belongs to [[m|la|lūx|t=light]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*louk-|t=light]] and [[ine-pro|*leuk-|t=light]], cognate with [[sa|रोचते|tr=rócate|t=shines]], [[grc|λευκός|tr=leukós|t=clear, white]] and [[hit|lukk-|t=to get light, dawn]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Lucretius,^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of the “bright shafts of day”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is bright or shining, of sources of light, as Horace's bright stars, of polished surfaces, as Virgil's gleaming spear points, and of white things, as Tibullus' white sheep;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca calls Bacchus the bright glory of the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of a place or time of day it is light, as Vitruvius' well-lit buildings, and of water and air clear and translucent, as Ovid's clear river.^(OLD 2012) It is also clear to the mind, lucid, as Lucretius' “I write such clear verses on a dark subject”, and in an inscription splendid or glorious, of deeds.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Lewis and Short note that Cicero does not use it as an adjective.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL finds the comparative from Ovid and the superlative from Vitruvius.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it “bright, lightsome, full of light, clear, lucid” and “irreproachable”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''lucid'' is from it, first in the 1590s as “bright, shining”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of the bright shafts of day and of clear verse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of well-lit buildings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a clear river.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|lucid]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|bright|alt=Bright]], shining; gleaming; white.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # (of a place) Light, full of light.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # (of water, air) Clear, [[m|en|translucent]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Clear to the mind, [[m|en|lucid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Splendid, glorious;^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' irreproachable.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dīlūcidus]]

+ * [[lūciditās]]

+ * [[sublūcidus]]

+ * [[dilūcidē]]

+ * [[ēlūcidō]]

+ * [[lūcidē]]

+ * [[pellūcidus]]

+ * [[trānslūcidus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lūcēns]]

+ * [[lūceō]]

+ * [[lūcerna]]

+ * [[lūx]]

+ * [[lūmen]]

+ * [[en|lucid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}