contundo Latin · revision 31461

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(s)tu-n-d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔnˈtʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [konˈtun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''contundō''' (present infinitive contundere, perfect active contudī, supine contūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Ennius has the perfect ''contūdit'' with a long vowel;^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) the participle ''contunsus'' is found in Virgil and Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|con-|t=together, thoroughly]] and [[m|la|tundō|t=to beat, pound]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨tundō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*(s)tund-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*(s)tu-n-d-|t=to thrust]], cognate with [[sa|तुदति|tr=tudáti|t=thrusts, crushes]] and perhaps [[got|𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=stautan|t=to thrust]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has “he beat me with his fists” in the ''Amphitruo''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to pound to pieces or crush, as Cato's olives crushed with mastic, and to bruise or make sore, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Figuratively it is to subdue utterly, crush or quell, of nations and feelings, as Accius' “a wild man must be crushed by a fierce command”;^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Ennius has the cruel winter that crushed their strength.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Plautus also uses it as to outdo, as “I will eclipse the deeds of Talthybius”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “beat, bruise, subdue”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a beating.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of crushed olives.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of crushing winter.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of crushing a wild man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pound, [[m|en|crush]], beat to pieces.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|bruise]], make sore.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To subdue utterly, quell, suppress.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To outdo, eclipse.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[contūsiō]]

+ * [[contūsum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tundō]]

+ * [[obtundō]]

+ * [[retundō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}