erectus Latin · revision 31455

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *h₃reǵ-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ērectus''' (feminine ērecta, neuter ērectum, comparative ērectior); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the participle of [[m|la|ērigō|t=to raise up, erect]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) The verb is from [[m|la|ex-|t=out, up]] and [[m|la|regō|t=to direct, guide]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*reg-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃reǵ-e/o-|t=to stretch, direct]], cognate with [[sa|ऋञ्जन्ति|tr=r̥ñjánti|t=they stretch, direct]]; the long vowel of ⟨rēctus⟩ is due to Lachmann's Law.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'';^(Köbler 2010) Varro describes good hens with an upright comb.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is upright, erect or perpendicular, as Varro's hens, and raised, as Celsus' patient laid on his back with hips raised.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of the emotions it is confident, bold or assured, as Cicero's “I am much more confident because you have agreed that he is an enemy”, and of character noble or aspiring, as Cicero's man of a more elevated mind who hides his desire for pleasure out of shame.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is attentive or alert, as Cicero's ideal of a crowded audience and an attentive judge, and with ''ad'' intent on something.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

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+ Church Latin glosses it “attentive, erect”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of hens with upright combs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of confidence, noble minds and attentive judges.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|upright|alt=Upright]], [[m|en|erect]]; raised.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Confident, bold; noble, [[m|en|lofty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|attentive|alt=Attentive]], alert; intent (on).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ērigō]]

+ * [[regō]]

+ * [[rēctus]]

+ * [[en|erect]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}