rixa Latin · revision 31442

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈrɪk.sa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈrik.sa]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rixa''' ''f'' (genitive rixae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is doubtful.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan tentatively takes it from an s-present [[ine-pro|*h₁r(e)iḱ-s-|t=to tear, fight]], through [[itc-pro|*rik-s-h₂-]], cognate with [[wlm|rwygaw|t=to tear apart]] and [[sa|रिशामहे|tr=riśā́mahe|t=we tear off]];^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary compares [[grc|ἐρείκω|tr=ereíkō|t=to rend, bruise]].^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short suggested the root of [[m|la|ringor|t=to snarl]], first “opening the mouth wide”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The verb [[m|la|rixor|t=to quarrel]] is probably made from it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cicero,^(de Vaan 2008) who has “look, a new crowd and a brawl” in the ''Verrines''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a violent or noisy quarrel, an altercation or brawl, and in Cicero also an intellectual dispute, as his “our Academy has a great quarrel with Zeno”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) By transfer it is a struggle with natural forces or physical resistance, as in a declamation of the torturer's struggle with the limbs.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short find it most frequent after the Augustan period.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Döderlein places ''rixa'' between ''iūrgium'' and ''pugna'': a quarrel that comes to blows, or threatens to.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “quarrel, strife, dispute”.^(Stelten 1995) Köbler finds it in the Bible and the Alemannic, Burgundian and Lombard laws.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a brawl and of a philosophical dispute.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A violent quarrel, [[m|en|brawl]], altercation;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) an intellectual dispute.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A struggle, contest.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rixōsus]]

+ * [[rixula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rixor]]

+ * [[iūrgium]]

+ * [[altercātiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}