invidus Latin · revision 31440

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *uid-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɪn.wɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈiɱ.vi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''invidus''' (feminine invida, neuter invidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Varro has a genitive plural ''invidum'', according to Nonius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a back-formation from [[m|la|invideō|t=to envy; to look askance at]], as Walde and Hofmann explained it.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The verb is [[m|la|in-|t=on, against]] with [[m|la|videō|t=to see]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*wid-ē-|t=to see]] and [[ine-pro|*uid-eh₁-|t=to see]], cognate with [[xum|uirseto|t=seen]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus calls a man “a hawk for money, greedy and ill-willed” in the ''Persa'';^(OLD 2012) Köbler too gives Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first bearing ill will, ill-disposed or hostile, as in Plautus, and so envious, jealous or grudging, as Horace's envious Lycus who must hear the mad din, and Cicero's general neither ambitious nor envious.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Poets use it of things that grudge, as Ovid's grudging nature that confined him in a narrow space.^(Lewis & Short 1879) As a noun it is an envious person.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “envious”, and as a noun “envious person”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of an ill-willed money-hawk.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a general who is not envious.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of envious Lycus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of grudging nature.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Ill-disposed, [[m|en|hostile]], malevolent.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|envious|alt=Envious]], jealous, grudging.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # An envious person.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[invideō]]

+ * [[invidia]]

+ * [[videō]]

+ * [[en|envy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}