transgredior Latin · revision 31419

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *g(h)rd(h)-(e)i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [trãːsˈɡrɛ.di.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [tranzˈɡrɛː.di.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trānsgredior''' (present infinitive trānsgredī, perfect active trānsgressus sum); third (-iō variant) conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Sallust has a form with ''-grad-''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|trāns-|t=across, beyond]] and [[m|la|gradior|t=to step, walk]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ⟨gradior⟩ goes back to [[itc-pro|*grad-(e)i-]] and [[ine-pro|*g(h)rd(h)-(e)i-]], cognate with [[sga|do·greinn|t=to chase, drive]] and [[wlm|grynnyaw|t=to press, thrust]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Among its first examples are the historian Sisenna's “having crossed the river that flowed past Herculaneum”^(OLD 2012) and Cicero's man who crossed the sacred city boundary without taking the auspices, in ''On Divination''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With an accusative it is to step or walk across or over something, to travel across, as a river or the Taurus mountains in Cicero's letters, and of things to move across, as Pliny the Elder's sun passing twelve degrees of Scorpio.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Used intransitively it is to cross over or change sides, as the jurist Labeo's woman who passes into another family by marriage, to change one's policy or occupation, as Livy's allies hoping for a more honoured service, and to pass to a new theme, as in Valerius Maximus.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ It is also to go beyond limits or surpass, as Sallust's “exceeding the common dress”, and to exceed in number, as Velleius' youth not yet past his eighteenth year; it is to run through a subject, or to pass over it without mention.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it “go over, pass over, transgress”.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''trānsgressus'' gave English ''transgress'' in the late 15th century, through Old French, first as “to sin”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna of crossing a river.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of crossing the city boundary and the Taurus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of going beyond the common dress.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of allies changing their service.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the sun's course.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – English [[m|en|transgress]] comes from it through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To step or walk across, [[m|en|cross]], climb over;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) to travel across.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To cross over to another side, [[m|en|desert]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) to change one's policy; to pass to a new theme.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To go beyond, [[m|en|exceed]], surpass;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) to [[m|en|transgress]].^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To run through (a subject); to pass over without mention.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[trānsgressiō]]

+ * [[trānsgressor]]

+ * [[transgressus]]

+ * [[transgressibilis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aggredior]]

+ * [[antegredior]]

+ * [[congredior]]

+ * [[dēgredior]]

+ * [[dīgredior]]

+ * [[ēgredior]]

+ * [[gradior]]

+ * [[ingredior]]

+ * [[prōgredior]]

+ * [[regredior]]

+ * [[trānseō]]

+ * [[trānscendō]]

+ * [[en|transgress]]

+ * [[en|transgression]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}