parricidium Latin · revision 31412

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [paːr.rɪˈkiː.di.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [par.riˈt͡ʃiː.di.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''parricīdium''' ''n'' (genitive parricīdiī or parricīdī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|parricīda|t=murderer of a near relative]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ium]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The origin of ⟨parricīda⟩ is uncertain: de Vaan thinks the first part was ⟨*pāri-⟩, with ⟨-rr-⟩ as in [[m|la|Iuppiter]], and finds [[m|la|pār|t=equal]] the most obvious source, giving “who kills an equal”; he rejects a link with [[grc|πηός|tr=pēós|t=kinsman by marriage]].^(de Vaan 2008) The second part is ⟨-cīda⟩ “killer”, from [[m|la|caedō|t=to cut, kill]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) Ancient writers derived it from the killing of a parent or of an equal.^(TLL) The OLD notes that the sense “murder of one's father” owes much to a mistaken link with [[m|la|pater|t=father]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus calls a man “full to the brim of fraud, crime, parricide and perjury” in the ''Rudens''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the murder of a near relation, especially of one's father or parents, as Cicero's “the parricide of his father and uncle”, and of other kin, as in an unnamed tragedy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also murder or assassination, usually of a friend or superior, and especially of the head of the state: Valerius Maximus says Cassius should never be named without “public parricide”, and Suetonius reports that the Ides of March were named ''Parricīdium''.^(OLD 2012) With ''patriae'' it is the betrayal or ruin of one's country, as in Cicero's ''Pro Sulla'', and alone treason or rebellion.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Köbler finds it in the capitularies, councils and the Frisian and Visigothic laws.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the murder of a father and of treason.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of the Ides of March.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The murder of a near relation, especially of a parent: [[m|en|parricide]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Murder, [[m|en|assassination]], especially of the head of state;^(OLD 2012) ''(name of the Ides of March)''.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with patriae)'' Betrayal of one's country;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) [[m|en|treason]], rebellion.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[parricīdālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[parricīda]]

+ * [[homicīdium]]

+ * [[caedō]]

+ * [[en|parricide]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}