perrumpo Latin · revision 31404

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *Hru-n-p-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈrʊm.poː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈrum.po]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perrumpō''' (present infinitive perrumpere, perfect active perrūpī, supine perruptum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|per-|t=through]] and [[m|la|rumpō|t=to break]].^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨rumpō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*ru-n-p-|t=to break]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*Hru-n-p-|t=to break]], cognate with [[ang|rēofan|t=to break, tear]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Plautus;^(TLL) Livius Andronicus has “the swift flying spear breaks through the chest with its iron”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Used transitively it is to burst apart or sever, as Lucretius' bodies that break through, and figuratively to violate a law.^(OLD 2012) It is to break or force a way through, as Andronicus' spear and armies through the enemy, and figuratively to overcome, and to force a way into, as Tacitus' “the guards killed, the camp broken into”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Used intransitively it is to force a passage, as Pompey's “we must have a strong army to be sure that we can break through”, and Caesar's men who broke through the middle of the enemy; in Celsus a shivering fit prevails despite treatment.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “subdue, overpower, break through”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus of a spear piercing the chest.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of bodies breaking through.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of breaking through the enemy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of a camp broken into.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To burst apart, [[m|en|sever]];^(OLD 2012) to violate (a law).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To break or force a way through; to overcome;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) to [[m|en|invade]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To force a passage, [[m|en|break through]]; to prevail.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rumpō]]

+ * [[irrumpō]]

+ * [[ērumpō]]

+ * [[perfringō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}