valens Latin · revision 31403

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂ulh₁-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈwa.ɫẽːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈvaː.lens]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''valēns''' (genitive valentis, comparative valentior, superlative valentissimus, adverb valenter); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the present participle of [[m|la|valeō|t=to be strong, be well]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨valeō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*wal-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂ulh₁-eh₁-|t=to be strong]], cognate with [[osc|ϝαλε|tr=vale|t=farewell]] and [[sga|flaith|t=rule]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Plautus as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who has eight sturdy men with rods in the ''Asinaria''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of people, animals and limbs it is physically strong, robust or vigorous, of plants vigorous, as Virgil's apples once they feel strong trunks, and in good health, as Cicero's boy seen well in public and dead before night; of things it is stout, as Virgil's strong stakes and forks.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Celsus it is of strong medicines, solid food, vigorous rubbing and severe illness.^(OLD 2012) It is vigorous in style, as Cicero's Lysias, and strong in military or political power, as Cicero's wish that Caesar had never been given the strength he now opposes.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of gods and abstract things it is mighty, and of remedies and spells potent, as Horace's books of strong charms.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “strong, powerful, healthy, hearty, well”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin it is valiant or brave, and as a neuter noun a thing or land worth a given amount, or a valuable object.^(Niermeyer 1976) As a name ''Valēns'' was borne by the emperor, brother of Valentinian.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Döderlein pairs ''sānus'' and ''valēns'' for health.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of sturdy men.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of health, style and political power.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of vigorous trees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of strong medicines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Strong, [[m|en|robust]], vigorous; healthy, well.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # (of medicines, food, illness) Powerful, solid, severe.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of style) Vigorous.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Powerful, mighty (in arms, politics; of gods).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|potent|alt=Potent]], effective.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|valiant|alt=Valiant]], brave.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, neuter)'' A thing or land of a given value; a valuable object.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[valeō]]

+ * [[validus]]

+ * [[valētūdō]]

+ * [[en|valiant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}