stagnum Latin · revision 31399

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈstaːŋ.nũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈstaɲ.ɲum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stāgnum''' ''n'' (genitive stāgnī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is doubtful.^(OLD 2012) The LIV hesitantly sets up a root [[ine-pro|*steh₂g-|t=to seep, drip]] for it, for [[obt|staer|t=river, brook]] and for [[grc|στάζω|tr=stázō|t=to let drip]] and [[m|grc|σταγών|tr=stagṓn|t=drop]]; de Vaan finds no matching formations and the Greek word somewhat removed in meaning, though the link is possible, with full grade in Latin and zero grade in Greek and Celtic.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short compared [[m|grc|τέναγος|tr=ténagos|t=shoal water]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Saturae'' have “near the pools, where you feed the woolly flock on fish”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is any stretch of standing water, natural or artificial: a pool, pond, lagoon, swamp or fen, whether permanent or left by a flooding river;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''stagnum nāvāle'' was an artificial lake for staged sea fights.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Poets use it of any water: of part of the sea, as Accius' “over the waters of Ocean”, and of a river, as Statius' waters that cause no delay.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Seneca uses it of a heated bathing pool.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says that ''lacus'' and ''stagnum'' are standing waters kept fresh by springs or by ebb and flow, while poetic ''lacūna'' is any standing water.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “pool, lake, pond, swamp”,^(Stelten 1995) and the Bible is among Köbler's sources.^(Köbler 2010) Medieval Latin also has a ''stagnum'' meaning a lord's sales monopoly.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of pools.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of the waters of Ocean.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of heated baths.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius of a river.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Standing water: a [[m|en|pool]], pond, [[m|en|lagoon]], swamp;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''stagnum nāvāle'', a lake for sham sea fights.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Waters: part of the sea; a river; any lake.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A bath, a bathing pool.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A sales [[m|en|monopoly]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stagnensis]]

+ * [[stāgnō]]

+ * [[stāgnālis]]

+ * [[stāgnīnus]]

+ * [[stāgnōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lacus]]

+ * [[palūs]]

+ * [[lacūna]]

+ * [[stannum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The OLD has a second ''stagnum'', an alloy of silver and lead;^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short and Wiktionary treat this as a spelling of ''stannum'' “tin”, which Wiktionary finds only from Pliny the Elder and links with Gaulish influence.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}