hactenus Latin · revision 31396

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈhaːk.tɛ.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈak.te.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hāctenus''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is split by tmesis as ''hāc … tenus'' in Virgil and Ovid;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Marius Victorinus reports an archaic form ''hācetenus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|hāc|t=on this side, by this way]], the ablative feminine of [[m|la|hic|t=this]], and [[m|la|tenus|t=as far as]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who has “let anyone blame him this far, no further” in the ''Verrines''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is so far in space, as Ovid's “thus far the left side of the Black Sea is Roman”; so far in time or up to now, as Virgil's “thus far, sister Acca, I have been able”; and to this extent, often with the sense “no further”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In writing it marks the end of a topic, “so much for”, as Cicero's “is this enough so far?”, and after direct speech it is “so much he said”, as in Ovid.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Döderlein contrasts ''adhūc'', which refers to time, with ''hāctenus'' and ''hūcusque'', which refer to place or a point reached.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “so far, up to this point, only this, only so much”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a limit to blame.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of time up to now.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of the limits of Roman land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # So far, as far as this (in space).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Up to now, [[m|en|hitherto]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To this extent, so far (and no further).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(in writing)'' So much for this;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(after a speech)'' so much (he said).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hic]]

+ * [[tenus]]

+ * [[adhūc]]

+ * [[hūcusque]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}