ingeniosus Latin · revision 31390

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=ine-pro *ǵenh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋ.ɡɛ.niˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [in̠ʲ.d͡ʒe.niˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ingeniōsus''' (feminine ingeniōsa, neuter ingeniōsum, comparative ingeniōsior, superlative ingeniōsissimus, adverb ingeniōsē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Lewis and Short note a spelling ''ingenuōsus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|ingenium|t=natural character, talent]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ōsus]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) ⟨ingenium⟩ is from [[m|la|in-|t=in]] and the root of [[m|la|gignō|t=to beget]], which de Vaan traces to [[ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-|t=to engender]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Varro gives it as an adjective formed from ⟨ingenium⟩, and Isidore of Seville says a man is called so because he has within him the power of producing.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'',^(Köbler 2010) which speaks of one person being more inventive than another.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of people it is having good natural abilities, clever, gifted or talented, as Cicero's “the more skilful and gifted a man is, the more laboriously he teaches”, and with ''ad'' gifted for something.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Of acts and writings it shows cleverness, as Cicero's ingenious defence.^(OLD 2012) Of things, with a dative or ''ad'', it is naturally suited, as Ovid's Lemnos, “a land kind to the farmer”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Medieval Latin uses it of cunning and deception, and as a noun for an engineer, like ''ingeniārius''.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''ingenious'' (early 15th century) is from it through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' of inventiveness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of gifted teachers and an ingenious defence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a land suited to farming.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English [[m|en|ingenious]] comes from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Naturally gifted, clever, talented, [[m|en|ingenious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # (of actions, writings) Clever, showing ability.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Naturally suited (to), fit for.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|cunning|alt=Cunning]]; deceptive.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An [[m|en|engineer]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[peringeniōsus]]

+ * [[ingeniōsē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ingenium]]

+ * [[gignō]]

+ * [[ingeniārius]]

+ * [[en|ingenious]]

+ * [[en|engine]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}