exta Latin · revision 31381

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛk.sta], [ˈɛk.staː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛk.sta], [ˈɛk.sta]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exta''' ''n pl'' (genitive extōrum); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Pacuvius has the genitive plural ''extum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ The Arval inscriptions have a feminine ''extae''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is doubtful.^(OLD 2012) It may come by haplology from ⟨*exsecta⟩, the neuter plural participle of [[m|la|exsecō|t=to cut out]], as the TLL and Wiktionary think, after Walde and Hofmann.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short connected it instead with [[m|la|extrā|t=outside]] and [[m|la|exterus|t=outer]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) Paulus' abridgement of Festus says the entrails were so called because they are cut off for the gods, or because they stand out most.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has the lamb so thin that its entrails can be inspected in the sun while it lives, in the ''Aulularia'', and portents in all the entrails, in the ''Poenulus''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the upper internal organs of an animal, the heart, lungs and liver, above all as the parts the haruspices examined in a sacrificial victim, as Cicero's “we see that different people read the entrails in different ways”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The entrails were also offered on the altar, as in the old formula ''exta porriciuntō'', “let them offer the entrails”, and in Livy.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder uses it of the human organs.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a lamb's entrails and of portents.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius has the genitive ''extum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of reading entrails.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of human organs.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|entrails|alt=entrails]] (heart, lungs, liver), especially of a sacrificial victim.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[extālis]]

+ * [[extāris]]

+ * [[extispex]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vīscera]]

+ * [[exsecō]]

+ * [[haruspex]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis and Short distinguish ''exta'', the nobler organs examined by the haruspices, from ''vīscera'', which also include the stomach and intestines.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein makes ''vīscera'' everything fleshy beneath the skin.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}