pirata Latin · revision 31380

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=grc πειρατής}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [piːˈraː.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [piˈraː.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pīrāta''' ''m'' (genitive pīrātae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|πειρατής|tr=peiratḗs|t=pirate]],^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Saalfeld 1874) from [[m|grc|πεῖρα|tr=peîra|t=trial, attempt]], so first “one who makes attempts”.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Isidore derived it from the burning of the ships the pirates took.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a sea robber, corsair or pirate.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Cicero says that a pirate is not counted among enemies in war but is the common enemy of all.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “pirate”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it is also a sailor, and a robber not at sea.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''pirate'' is first recorded about 1300, in the middle of the 13th century already as a surname.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the pirate as the common enemy of all.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore explains the name.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|pirate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pirate|alt=pirate]], [[m|en|corsair]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A sailor; a robber.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[archipīrāta]]

+ * [[pīrāticus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[praedō]]

+ * [[en|pirate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}