velocitas Latin · revision 31372

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=120–67 BC, Sisenna}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [weːˈɫoː.kɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [veˈlɔː.t͡ʃi.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vēlōcitās''' ''f'' (genitive vēlōcitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|vēlōx|t=swift]] with [[m|la|-tās]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Etymonline calls the adjective of uncertain origin;^(Etymonline) de Vaan suggests it meant “wind-like”, from a noun ⟨*vē-lo-⟩ “wind”, [[ine-pro|*h₂ueh₁-lo-|t=wind]], from the root of [[sa|वाति|tr=vā́ti|t=blows]] and [[grc|ἄησι|tr=áēsi|t=blows]], though Italic has no verb from this root.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Sisenna has men who “competed in leaping and speed”;^(OLD 2012) Köbler also gives Sisenna.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is swiftness or speed of movement, as Cicero's speed in running, and of things, as Curtius' quinquereme that stood out among the rest for speed, and of style, as Quintilian's slow, sluggish rhythm where speed is needed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is speed of action, as Valerius Maximus' quickness of wit that saved a town, and in Pliny the Elder the quickness with which a poison such as aconite works.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Köbler finds it in the Bible, the Bavarian laws and Thomas Aquinas.^(Köbler 2010) English ''velocity'' is first recorded in the early 15th century, in Chauliac.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna of speed in contests.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of speed in running.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Curtius of a fast ship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|velocity]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|swiftness|alt=Swiftness]], speed, [[m|en|velocity]] (of movement); rapidity (of style).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Speed (of action); quickness of effect.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vēlōx]]

+ * [[celeritās]]

+ * [[pernīcitās]]

+ * [[en|velocity]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein sets ''citus'' and ''celer'', mere quickness of motion, against ''vēlōx'' and ''pernīx'', nimbleness from bodily strength;^(Döderlein 1874) ''pernīcitās'' is agility in all movements, ''vēlōcitās'' especially speed in running, flying and swimming.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}