indoles Latin · revision 31371

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂el-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɪn.dɔ.ɫeːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈin.do.les]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''indolēs''' ''f'' (genitive indolis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from the old preposition [[m|la|indu|t=in]] and ⟨*-olēs⟩ “growth”, from the root of [[m|la|alō|t=to nourish]], like [[m|la|prōlēs|t=offspring]] and [[m|la|subolēs|t=offspring]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨alō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*ale/o-|t=to feed]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂el-e/o-]], and notes that [[m|la|adolēscō|t=to grow up]] shows an older ⟨*alē-⟩ “to be growing”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[got|𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽|tr=alan|t=to grow up]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has “in him there is a perfect gentlemanly nature of his own” in the ''Miles gloriosus'';^(OLD 2012) Köbler also gives Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is innate character, nature or disposition, and a particular quality or natural bent, as Livy's Hasdrubal, taken as son-in-law by Hamilcar for another quality of his mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In a pregnant sense it is natural excellence or talent, as Cicero's “I saw his talent at once and urged him to treat the forum as his school”, and the flower or rising hope of a class, as Valerius Maximus' whole flower of the nobility.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “genius, talent, character, nature”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it is also a youth, a title of honour for a young prince, and offspring.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a gentlemanly nature.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a young man's talent.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of Hasdrubal's character.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Innate [[m|en|character|alt=character]], nature, [[m|en|disposition]]; a natural bent.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Natural excellence, [[m|en|talent]]; the flower, rising hope (of a class or family).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A youth; a title of a young prince; offspring.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[alō]]

+ * [[prōlēs]]

+ * [[subolēs]]

+ * [[adolēscō]]

+ * [[ingenium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}