iaculum Latin · revision 31370

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *(H)ieh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈja.kʊ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈjaː.ku.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iaculum''' ''n'' (genitive iaculī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''jaculum''.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|iaciō|t=to throw]] with the instrument suffix [[m|la|-ulum]], “a thing for throwing”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Varro says it is made to be thrown.^(TLL) De Vaan derives ⟨iaciō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*jak-i-|t=to throw]] and [[ine-pro|*(H)ieh₁-|t=to throw, let go]], cognate with [[grc|ἵημι|tr=híēmi|t=to send, throw]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Ennius as its first author;^(Köbler 2010) Sisenna has men who used up their javelins quickly and turned to swords.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a throwing spear or javelin, as Cicero's “you will not see the sun for the mass of javelins and arrows”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is any other missile, as Apuleius' showers of flowers thrown to please the goddess, and in Ovid apparently a casting net: “here fish are caught with the net, there with hooks”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary adds the net of the ''rētiārius''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “arrow, dart, javelin”, and Medieval Latin “arrow”.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna of javelins used up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a hail of javelins.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a casting net.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|javelin|alt=javelin]], dart.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A missile;^(OLD 2012) an [[m|en|arrow]].^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # A casting [[m|en|net]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iaculor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iaciō]]

+ * [[iaculus]]

+ * [[hasta]]

+ * [[tēlum]]

+ * [[pīlum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein gives ''missile'' as the most general word for any weapon used at a distance, from the spear to the arrow.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}