supply English · revision 3137

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1375, Barbour|origins=la suppleō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /səˈplaɪ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|supplien]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) [[bor|fro|soupleer|t=to fill up, make full]], later supplier,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) and directly from [[la|supplēre|t=to fill up, complete]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[m|la|sub-|t=up from below]] and [[m|la|plēre|t=to fill]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[ine-pro|*pele-|t=to fill]],^(Etymonline) the root of [[full]].^(Barnhart 1988) The noun is from the verb.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To help, support, maintain: 1375, in Barbour's ''The Bruce''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) The earliest uses were mainly Scottish.^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “To fill up, make up for, compensate” is from the late 14th century,^(Etymonline) before 1398 in Barnhart.^(Barnhart 1988) The meaning “to furnish, provide” is first found in Skelton's ''Magnificence'', about 1520,^(Barnhart 1988) the 1520s in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) The noun first meant “assistance, relief” (1423), chiefly in Scots and now obsolete;^(Barnhart 1988)^(NODE 1998) the act of fulfilling a need is from 1500–20, in Dunbar,^(Barnhart 1988) and a quantity supplied is first found in Shakespeare's ''Timon of Athens'' (1607).^(Barnhart 1988) A person who takes another's place temporarily, especially a preacher, is from the 1580s,^(Etymonline) and in Scotland a ''supply'' was a substitute minister.^(Wright 1898) ''Supplies'', provisions, is from about 1650.^(Etymonline) In economics the amount of goods available for sale is by 1776, the counterpart of [[demand]],^(Etymonline) and ''supply and demand'' is in Carlyle (1843).^(Barnhart 1988) ''Supply-side'' economics is from 1976.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1375 – to help, support.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * before 1398 – to fill up, make up for.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1423 – noun, assistance.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1520 – to furnish, provide.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1607 – a quantity supplied.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1650 – ''supplies''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1776 – economic supply.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1843 – ''supply and demand''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1976 – ''supply-side''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make available for use; to [[provide]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To furnish or equip with something needed.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To make up for a lack; to satisfy a need.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To fill a position temporarily as a substitute, as in a church.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # An amount available for use; a [[stock]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''supplies'': materials or provisions kept for use.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # ''(economics)'' The amount of goods available for sale at a given price.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # The act of supplying: ''the supply of water''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[supplier]]

+ * [[unsupplied]]

+ * [[oversupply]]

+ * [[presupply]]

+ * [[resupply]]

+ * [[undersupply]]

+ * [[supply-side]]

+ * [[supply-sider]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[suppletion]]

+ * [[supplement]]

+ * [[complete]]

+ * [[full]]

+ * [[plenty]]

+ * [[replete]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}