aversus Latin · revision 31365

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *wert-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [aːˈwɛr.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [aˈvɛr.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''āversus''' (feminine āversa, neuter āversum, superlative āversissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''āvorsus'', the older form of the verb's stem.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the participle of [[m|la|āvertō|t=to turn away]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The verb is from [[m|la|ā-|t=away]] and [[m|la|vertō|t=to turn]], whose older form ⟨vortō⟩ was the usual one until about the middle of the 2nd century BC;^(OLD 2012) ⟨vertō⟩ is from [[itc-pro|*wertō]] and [[ine-pro|*wert-|t=to turn]], cognate with [[sa|वर्तते|tr=vártate|t=turns]] and [[got|𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌽|tr=wairþan|t=to become]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato has “if you are shameless both in front and behind”;^(OLD 2012) Köbler gives Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is having the back turned, facing the other way, of people, animals and parts of the body, and of things turned back to front or facing away from something, as Vitruvius' place turned away from the north.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is at the rear, behind, of blows from behind and of the sun, as in Varro, and the back of something, as Cicero's Antony putting his head into the back of the litter; the neuter plural is the back parts or hinterland, as Livy's flight through the back of the city.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is far off or out of the way, as Virgil's “the Sun does not yoke his horses so far from the Tyrian city”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It is unfavourable, hostile or averse, as Sallust's attempt to bend a hostile mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of shamelessness front and back.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of a hostile mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the back of a litter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a remote city.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Having the back turned, facing away; reversed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # At the [[m|en|rear|alt=rear]], behind;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(neuter plural)'' the back parts, the hinterland.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Distant, remote, out of the way.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Unfavourable, [[m|en|hostile]], [[m|en|averse]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[āvertō]]

+ * [[vertō]]

+ * [[adversus]]

+ * [[āversor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}