commodo Latin · revision 31356

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *med-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɔm.mɔ.doː], [ˈkɔm.mɔ.dɔ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkɔm.mo.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''commodō''' (present infinitive commodāre, perfect active commodāvī, supine commodātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|commodus|t=fitting, convenient]] with the verb suffix [[m|la|-ō]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary takes it from the noun [[m|la|commodum|t=advantage, convenience]].^(Wiktionary) The adjective is built on [[m|la|modus|t=measure]], from [[itc-pro|*medo-|t=measure]] and [[ine-pro|*med-o-|t=measure]], according to de Vaan.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato uses it of setting up an olive mill in the ''De agri cultura'',^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Plautus prays to Jupiter “who grants good hopes and plenty” in the ''Persa''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to lend or hire something to another, as in the praetor's edict, “for what anyone is said to have lent, I will grant an action”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is to put oneself or something at another's disposal: ''aurem commodāre'' is to lend an ear, as Horace's man who lends a patient ear to culture, and ''manum'' to lend a hand;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca has lending one man one's voice and another one's work.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is to give or bestow, as in Plautus, and intransitively to oblige or help, as Plautus' “it will be lent, I'll oblige”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is also to fit or adapt, as Cato's mill and Columella's plants.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “lend, oblige, adapt”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of fitting a mill.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of granting and obliging.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of lending an ear.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of lending one's voice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|lend|alt=lend]], hire out.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To put at someone's disposal;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''aurem commodāre'', to lend an ear.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To provide, bestow, give.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|oblige]], help.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To fit, [[m|en|adapt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accommodō]]

+ * [[commodatio]]

+ * [[commodātor]]

+ * [[commodātum]]

+ * [[incommodō]]

+ * [[praecommodo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[commodus]]

+ * [[commodum]]

+ * [[mūtuus]]

+ * [[modus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''commodāre'', to lend without formality, expecting the thing itself back when it is done with, an act of kindness, from ''mūtuum dare'', to lend expecting an equivalent back at the end of the term, a matter of business.^(Döderlein 1874) The OLD and Lewis and Short also record a rare adverb ''commodō'', apparently “suitably, at the right time”, the ablative of ''commodus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}