naufragium Latin · revision 31354

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=220–130 BC, Pacuvius|origins=ine-pro *neh₂-u-, ine-pro *bʰr-n-ǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [nau̯ˈfra.ɡi.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [nau̯ˈfraː.d͡ʒi.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''naufragium''' ''n'' (genitive naufragiī or naufragī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|naufragus|t=shipwrecked]] with [[m|la|-ium]];^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) the adjective is from [[m|la|nāvis|t=ship]] and [[m|la|frangō|t=to break]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline) De Vaan derives ⟨nāvis⟩ from [[ine-pro|*neh₂-u-|t=ship]], probably “the floating one”, cognate with [[grc|ναῦς|tr=naûs|t=ship]] and [[sa|नौ|tr=náu|t=ship]], and ⟨frangō⟩ from [[ine-pro|*bʰr-n-ǵ-|t=to break]], cognate with [[got|𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽|tr=brikan|t=to break]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Pacuvius as its first author;^(Köbler 2010) an unknown tragedy has “shipwrecks, the ruin of your family, don't you know them, old man?”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a shipwreck, and ''naufragium facere'' is to be wrecked, as Cicero's report that Domitius had died in a shipwreck.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Figuratively it is a disaster or ruin, and the thing that causes ruin, as the elder Seneca's Charybdis, “the shipwreck of the sea itself”.^(OLD 2012) It is also wreckage, as in Manilius, and the shattered remains of something, as Cicero's remnants of the same band of robbers.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary records the saying ''commūne naufragium omnibus sōlācium'', a common shipwreck is a comfort to all.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “shipwreck”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it is the right to wreckage cast on the shore, and waste, loss or ruin.^(Niermeyer 1976) English borrowed it as ''naufrage'' in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of death in a shipwreck and of shattered remains.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|naufrage]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|shipwreck|alt=shipwreck]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''naufragium facere'', to be wrecked.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A disaster, [[m|en|ruin]]; what causes ruin.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # [[m|en|wreckage|alt=Wreckage]]; shattered remains.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(poetic)'' A storm.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The right to wreckage.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[naufragālis]]

+ * [[naufragiōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[naufragus]]

+ * [[nāvis]]

+ * [[frangō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}