gratulatio Latin · revision 31353

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *gʷrH-to-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɡraː.tʊˈɫaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ɡra.tuˈlat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grātulātiō''' ''f'' (genitive grātulātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|grātulor|t=to congratulate, give thanks]] with [[m|la|-tiō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) The verb is built on [[m|la|grātus|t=pleasing, grateful]], which de Vaan derives from [[itc-pro|*gʷrāto-|t=grateful]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷrH-to-|t=praised (in a song)]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|brateís|t=of grace]] and [[sa|गृणाति|tr=gṛṇā́ti|t=praises]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) who tells how the statue of Diana was set back in its old place amid great thanksgiving of the citizens.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is thanksgiving to the gods, as in Cicero's speeches against Verres, and congratulation, as his “o wretched day on which he was declared consul, o congratulations out of season!”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also rejoicing or self-congratulation, and a cause for joy, as Cicero's “you did not delay our enjoying the greatest joy and rejoicing”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Augustine distinguishes thanksgiving from prayer.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it “rejoicing”, and Medieval Latin “rejoicing, happiness”.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of thanksgiving and congratulation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine contrasts it with prayer.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|thanksgiving|alt=Thanksgiving]] (to the gods).^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ # [[m|en|congratulation|alt=Congratulation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Rejoicing, joy; a cause for joy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grātulor]]

+ * [[grātus]]

+ * [[grātia]]

+ * [[laetitia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}