incautus Latin · revision 31352

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *kouh₁-éie-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋˈkau̯.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iŋˈkaːu̯.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incautus''' (feminine incauta, neuter incautum, comparative incautior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and [[m|la|cautus|t=careful, wary]], the participle of [[m|la|caveō|t=to beware]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives ⟨caveō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*kawē-]] and [[ine-pro|*kouh₁-éie-|t=to perceive]], cognate with [[grc|κοέω|tr=koéō|t=to perceive]] and [[sa|कवि|tr=kaví|t=seer, poet]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero has “an unwary country fellow” in the speech for Roscius of Ameria;^(OLD 2012) Köbler gives Lucretius.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is incautious, unwary or unsuspecting, as Caesar's man caught off guard and unprepared, and, as a predicate, off one's guard, as Cicero's Trebonius, overpowered unawares.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In a passive sense it is unforeseen or not guarded against, as Lucretius' crime that cannot be guarded against, and unguarded or unprotected, as Livy's “what you have neglected you hold unguarded and open”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The TLL finds the comparative in Cicero, Livy, Quintilian and Tacitus, and the superlative only in Sidonius.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of crime not guarded against.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of an unwary rustic.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of a man caught off guard.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of what is left unguarded.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|incautious|alt=Incautious]], unwary, [[m|en|heedless]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) off one's guard.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Unforeseen, not guarded against; unguarded, unprotected.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[incautē]]

+ * [[incautēla]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cautus]]

+ * [[caveō]]

+ * [[imprōvidus]]

+ * [[incōnsultus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}