occasus Latin · revision 31351

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *(ḱe-)ḱh₂d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔkˈkaː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [okˈkaː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''occāsus''' ''m'' (genitive occāsūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|occidō|t=to fall down, set]] with the noun suffix [[m|la|-tus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) The verb is [[m|la|ob-]] and [[m|la|cadō|t=to fall]], which de Vaan derives from [[itc-pro|*kad-e/o-]] and perhaps [[ine-pro|*(ḱe-)ḱh₂d-|t=to fall]], cognate with [[sa|शद्|tr=śad-|t=to fall]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Twelve Tables say “let sunset be the last time” of the court day;^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Ennius uses it of an opportunity: “this chance was given”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Ennius it is an opportunity or chance.^(OLD 2012) Usually with ''sōlis'' it is the setting of the sun, often as a mark of time, as in the Twelve Tables, and the setting of other heavenly bodies, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is the quarter where the sun sets, the west, as Caesar's part of Gaul that faces between the west and the north, and Livy's summer sunset; in the plural it is the western world, as in Lucan.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The ''Aetna'' uses it of the sinking of a stream.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It is downfall, decline or ruin, as Cicero's warning that the fall of the whole city and empire was near, and death or end, as his “after the death of Lucius Aelius”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “setting, falling, setting of the sun”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables of sunset.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of an opportunity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the setting of stars and of the fall of the state.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of the west.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An opportunity, chance.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The [[m|en|setting|alt=setting]] (of the sun, stars); [[m|en|sunset]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # The [[m|en|west]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(plural)'' the western world.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The sinking (of a stream).^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|downfall|alt=Downfall]], ruin; death, end.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[occāsiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[occidō]]

+ * [[cadō]]

+ * [[occidēns]]

+ * [[ortus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Occāsus'' is also the perfect participle of ''occidō'', “fallen, set”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}