excio Latin · revision 31347

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(ḱ)ei(h₂)-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛks.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛks.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exciō''' (present infinitive excīre, perfect active excīvī or exciī, supine excitum or excītum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ There is also a second-conjugation form ''excieō'', as in Accius and Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ In the participle ''excitus'' the ⟨i⟩ is as often long as short.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|ex-|t=out]] and [[m|la|cieō|t=to set in motion]], as the expanded commentary of Servius notes.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan reconstructs for ⟨cieō⟩ an aorist [[ine-pro|*(ḱ)ei(h₂)-|t=to start to move]], cognate with [[grc|ἔκιε|tr=ékie|t=started to move]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has “how you have drawn tears from me!” in the ''Cistellaria''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to rouse or stir, as Lucretius' seeds stirred by the goads of Venus, and to rouse from sleep, as Sallust's men woken by a strange and terrible sound.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is to call out or summon, as Livy's heralds who called out the Albans first, and to call up ghosts, as Virgil's spells that raise souls from the depths of their tombs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is to stir into action, as the ''Bellum Hispaniense'' of Pompey roused by his brother's letters, and to call forth or give rise to, as Plautus' tears.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of tears called forth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of seeds stirred.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of men roused from sleep.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of raising the dead.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|rouse|alt=rouse]], stir; to wake.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To call out, [[m|en|summon]]; to call up (ghosts).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stir into action;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) to frighten.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To give rise to, call forth.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[excitō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[acciō]]

+ * [[cieō]]

+ * [[concieō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}