requies Latin · revision 31344

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *kʷieh₁-ti-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈrɛ.kʷi.eːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈrɛː.kʷi.es]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''requiēs''' ''f'' (genitive requiētis or requiēī or requiē); variously declined, third declension, fifth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The accusative is usually ''requiem'', in Cicero also ''requiētem''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Sallust has a genitive ''requiē'' and Livy and Ovid an ablative ''requiē''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Ambrose has a genitive ''requiēī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|re-|t=again, back]] and [[m|la|quiēs|t=rest]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) The TLL takes it as made back from [[m|la|requiēscō|t=to rest]], found from Plautus on, on the model of ⟨quiēs⟩; its fifth-declension forms follow nouns in ⟨-iēs⟩.^(TLL) De Vaan also calls its ⟨ē⟩-inflection recent, and derives ⟨quiēs⟩ from [[itc-pro|*kʷiē-ti-]] and [[ine-pro|*kʷieh₁-ti-|t=rest, peace]], cognate with [[cu|почити|tr=počiti|t=to rest]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) whose poem on his consulship has “easing cares with rest”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is rest from work or exertion, and with a genitive respite from something, as Cicero's rest from lawsuits and quarrels;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Lucretius says no rest is given to the bodies of the first elements.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In poetry it is what gives rest, as Lucretius' Calliope, “rest of men and delight of gods”, and it is also recreation, as in Horace, and a pause or break, as Virgil's “no delay, no rest”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “rest, repose”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it is the tomb of a saint, or an altar under which relics rest.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''requiem'', about 1300 a Mass for the dead, comes from its accusative.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of the restless atoms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of rest from cares.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: “no delay, no rest”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English [[m|en|requiem]], from its accusative.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|rest|alt=Rest]], repose; respite (from).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # What gives rest; recreation.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A pause, break.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A saint's tomb; an altar with [[m|en|relic|alt=relics]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[irrequies]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quiēs]]

+ * [[requiēscō]]

+ * [[ōtium]]

+ * [[en|requiem]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein calls ''quiēs'' rest in itself, and ''requiēs'' rest after activity and effort.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}