pupillus Latin · revision 31341

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pūpillus''' ''m'' (genitive pūpillī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the diminutive of [[m|la|pūpus|t=boy, child]], formed with [[m|la|-illus]], through ⟨pūpulus⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Augustine already explains it as a diminutive of ⟨pūpus⟩ and ⟨pūpulus⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from the Twelve Tables.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an orphan boy, and a minor under the care of a guardian, a ward, as in Cicero's speeches against Verres, Horace and the Table of Heraclea.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The Vulgate uses it of the orphan, as in Exodus and in the Epistle of James, where caring for orphans and widows is true religion.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “orphan boy, ward, small boy”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''pupil'', in the late 14th century, first meant an orphan or ward, through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of wards.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate of orphans.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|pupil]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|ward|alt=ward]], a minor under a guardian.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # An [[m|en|orphan]] boy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pūpillāris]]

+ * [[pupillatus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pūpus]]

+ * [[pūpilla]]

+ * [[tūtor]]

+ * [[orbus]]

+ * [[en|pupil]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}