libens Latin · revision 31337

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *lubʰ-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈlɪ.bẽːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈliː.bens]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''libēns''' (genitive libentis, comparative libentior, superlative libentissimus, adverb libenter); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The older spelling is ''lubēns''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Inscriptions have ''libes'' and a plural ''lubetes''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the present participle of [[m|la|libet|t=it pleases]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨libet⟩, older ⟨lubet⟩, from [[itc-pro|*luf-ē-|t=to desire]] and [[ine-pro|*lubʰ-eh₁-|t=to please]], with ⟨u⟩ unrounded to ⟨i⟩ before ⟨b⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|loufir|t=or]] and [[cu|любъ|tr=ljubŭ|t=sweet, pleasant]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has ''libentī animō'', “with a willing heart”, in the ''Cistellaria'', and “to make them happier than Lubentia herself” in the ''Asinaria'';^(OLD 2012) an old votive inscription says that someone “gives a gift to Aesculapius willingly and deservedly”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is pleased, willing or glad, often almost as an adverb, as in the votive formula ''libēns meritō'', “willingly and deservedly”, abbreviated ⟨L⸱M⟩ in inscriptions.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''Libentī animō'' is “willingly, gladly”.^(OLD 2012) As an adjective it is cheerful or glad, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “ready, willing, cheerful, glad, with pleasure”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''libentī animō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Willing, glad, pleased;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''libentī animō'', [[m|en|willingly]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''libēns meritō'', willingly and deservedly (in [[m|en|votive]] offerings).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|cheerful|alt=Cheerful]], glad.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[libenter]]

+ * [[Libentīna]]

+ * [[libet]]

+ * [[lubenter]]

+ * [[libīdō]]

+ * [[lubentia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}