sopor Latin · revision 31335

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *suep-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsɔ.pɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsɔː.por]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sopor''' ''m'' (genitive sopōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*swépōs|t=sleep]], from [[ine-pro|*suep-|t=to sleep]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan suggests an old collective ⟨*su̯ep-ōs⟩, or the regular outcome of a neuter ⟨*suep-r̥⟩, beside the root of [[m|la|somnus|t=sleep]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|स्वपयति|tr=svapáyati|t=puts to sleep]], [[grc|ὕπνος|tr=húpnos|t=sleep]] and [[non|sœfa|t=to kill]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has “I put profit before sleep and rest” in the ''Rudens'';^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) de Vaan and Köbler also date it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is sleep, especially deep or overpowering sleep, and the sleep of death, as Lucretius' soul carried into deep and everlasting sleep.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In Celsus it is catalepsy, and it is also a drunken stupor.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is a sleeping draught or opiate, as Nepos' Dion, whose father was given a sleeping draught by the doctors.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is also sloth or torpor, as in the invective against Sallust ascribed to Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Lewis and Short find it mostly in poetry and post-Augustan prose, never in Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “sleep, heavy sleep, lethargy”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''sopor'', “deep, unnatural sleep”, dates from the 1670s, with a figurative use in the 1650s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of putting profit before sleep.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of the sleep of death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos of a sleeping draught.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of catalepsy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1670s – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|sopor]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Deep [[m|en|sleep|alt=sleep]]; sleep; the sleep of death.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(medicine)'' [[m|en|catalepsy|alt=Catalepsy]]; a stupor.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A sleeping draught, [[m|en|opiate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Sloth, [[m|en|torpor]], lethargy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[insopor]]

+ * [[sopōrifer]]

+ * [[sopōrus]]

+ * [[sopōrātiō]]

+ * [[sopōrō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sōpiō]]

+ * [[sopōrātus]]

+ * [[somnus]]

+ * [[en|sopor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein calls ''somnus'' the usual prose word for sleep and ''sopor'' a choice poetic one; in prose ''sopor'' only has the causative sense, a means of bringing on sleep.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}